MILITARY COUP IN IRAQ

 


The military coup d'etat in Iraq on First April 1941. Pro-Nazi Colonels toppled British monarchy rule in Iraq for three months during World War II.

The Golden Square was a group of four pro-Nazi Iraqi colonels—Salah al-Din al-Sabbagh, Shabib Jassim, Fahd Hassan al-Shahbandar, and Najib Sabri—who wielded power in Iraq's military. They opposed the pro-British Hashemite monarchy under Regent Abd al-Ilah and Prime Minister Nuri al-Said, seeking full independence in alignment with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. On April 1, 1941, the Golden Square, allied with politician Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, seized power in Baghdad through a bloodless coup. Rashid Ali became Prime Minister, installing Sharaf bin Rajeh as a puppet regent, arresting pro-British figures. Britain responded with the Anglo-Iraqi War (May -June 1941), invaded from bases like Habbaniya, and defeated Iraqi forces. Rashid Ali and the Golden Square leaders fled to Nazi Germany. The four colonels were later captured, tried, and executed in 1945.

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